Nyuma y’uko icyorezo cya COVID-19 cyadutse mu gace ka Wuhan mu Bushinwa, ibice bitandukanye by’isi byakomeje kototerwa n’iki cyorezo, kugeza ubwo gisakaye ku isi yose, gihitana ubuzima bwa benshi, igikuba kiracika ndetse ibice bitandukanye by’isi bitangira kujya muri gahunda ya ‘guma mu rugo - lockdown’; igihe kiragera haza gahunda y’imyitwarire idasanzwe: agapfukamunwa, guhana intera, indamukanyo zisanzwe zikurwaho, habaho gukorera akazi mu ngo,…Inkingo ziza kuboneka, abantu batangira bazicuranwa ariko bigeza aho zisaranganywa zigera kuri bose, urukingo rwa mbere, urwa kabiri, urwa gatatu, urwa kane,…imyaka irayingayinga ine isi ihanganye n’iki kibazo.
Kuri ubu, amakuru acicikana ni uko iki cyorezo cyongeye gucura inkumbi mu gihugu cy’Ubushinwa…
Igihe cya guma mu rugo cyabaye igihe kidasanzwe haba ku muntu ku giti cye, haba ku matsinda y’abantu, kuko ntawari yarigeze atekereza ko bishobora kubaho ko igihugu cyose abantu bategekwa kuguma mu rugo, ntihagire urenga irembo! Ko bishobora kubaho, abantu bose –baba aboroheje cyangwa se abakomeye- bagategekwa kwambara agapfukamunwa aho bari hose!
Iki nicyo gihe isi y’ikoranabuhanga yitabiriwe na benshi, bamwe bayibyaza umusaruro mu buryo bwo kunguka ubutunzi abandi mu buryo bwo gushakisha ubumenyi n’amakuru.
Ni muri iki gihe benshi muri twe twatangiye gukurikira ab’intyoza ku mbuga nka Instagram, Twitter, YouTube,…dutangira gukorera mu rugo, gusoma kiriya gitabo cyari cyaratoreye umusaka mu kabati, ubugeni no gusiga amarangi, kumarana igihe kinini n’abagize umuryango, igihe cyagenerwaga gusohoka no kwidagadura hanze giharirwa kuganira n’abavandimwe n’inshuti ku ikoranabuhanga rya ‘video-call’ kenshi gashoboka, gufata amafunguro ya mu gitondo mu mutuzo bisimbura guturumbuka mu gitondo wimenaho icyayi, unigwa n’umugati kubera kumiragura wakererewe kubyuka…, abandi twiga uburyo bushya bwo guteka, abandi tubona umwanya wo gufasha abaturanyi bari mu zabukuru, tubasha kuryama amasaha arenze 6 ku munsi! Abandi batinyuka [ndetse babatwa] n’agatama, ubundi batajyaga bikoza, n’ibindi.
Ingeso zishobora gushibuka mu gusubiramo kenshi igikorwa runaka. Ubushakashatsi butandukanye bwarakozwe bugerageza kugereranya igihe bifata kugira ngo umuntu yadukane ingeso runaka mu gihe gisanzwe.
Ingeso isobanurwa nk’imyitwarire/imigirire umuntu yadukana, akagenda ayisubiramo kugeza igumye mu buzima busanzwe nk’akamenyero mu migirire, akisanga yayigize/yayikoze atiriwe abitekerezaho cyane’.
Ubushakashatsi butandukanye bwakozwe bwagaragaje ko ‘ku bikorwa bisanzwe nko kurya urubuto, kunywa litiro 2 z’amazi ku munsi (Adriaanse et al., 2010); gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri cyangwa siporo yo kugenda iminota 10 nyuma yo gusamura (Rhodes & de Bruijn, 2010) cyangwa se nanone kwitabira gufata imiti runaka (Bolman, Arwert, & Vollink, 2011), bifata igihe kiri ku mpuzandengo y’iminsi 66 kugira ngo bene ibi bikorwa byinjire mu mibereho y aba nyirabyo nk’imigirire isanzwe’.
Indi migirire igaragara nk’igoranye kurushaho –irenze kurya cyangwa kunywa- byagaragaye ko bifata igihe cyikubye inshuro 1.5 kugira ngo yinjire mu buzima nk’akamenyero.
Ibi bisobanuye ko imigirire igizwe n’urusobe rw’ibikorwa bitandukanye ifata igihe kirekire kugira ngo ihinduke akamenyero – igihe kirenze impuzandengo y’iminsi 66 ikenewe kugira ngo imigirire yoroheje [nko kurya, kunywa ikintu runaka] ihinduke akamenyero.
Ingeso kandi ishobora kwaduka ikomotse ku gikorwa runaka gisembura ibice by’ubwonko bishinzwe kurekura imisemburo [Dopamine] itanga imimerere yo kugubwa neza mu mubiri nk’igihembo kuri icyo gikorwa, ndetse ingeso zadutse muri iyi miterere zikaba zimwe mu zigoye kwiyambura.
Ingeso/imigirire ifitanye isano no kwinezeza cyangwa kugubwa neza mu mubiri isemburira ubwonko kurekura ikinyabutabire cya Dopamine cyirukanka mu maraso. Iyi mimerere rero ishobora gushibukaho akamenyero gashobora nako kwadukamo zishobora no kuba mbi cyane ku buzima, urugero kubatwa n’ikawa, inzoga, ibiyobyabwenge, imikino yo gutega/amahirwe [ibiryabalezi] cyangwa se gutwarwa no gukoresha mudasobwa n’imbuga nkoranyambaga [hamwe Abanyarwanda iyo babonye ingeso runaka ikabije kubata kanaka bamunegura bagira bati ‘iki n’iki cyamutwaye uruhu n’uruhande!’]
Usibye kandi itandukaniro rigaragara hagati y’ibikorwa/imigirire runaka rikaba ari ryo rufunguzo ku gihe bifata ngo igikorwa/imigirire bihinduke ingeso ibata nyirayo, iki gihe nanone gihinduka bitewe n’imiterere [kamere] y’umuntu ku giti cye.
Izi mpinduka zishingiye ku miterere bwite nizo zituma nta wahita yemeza ko ‘kanaka mu gihe runaka azaba amaze kwakira nk’akamenyero imigirire runaka n’ubwo yaba yoroheje kandi ifitiye ubuzima bwe akamaro’.
Amakuru meza kuri iyi ngingo ni uko ‘umuntu atari ikiremwa cyubakiye imibereho ku ngeso runaka’. Umuntu afite ubushobozi bwo kwigenzura no kwiyaka ingeso mbi mu gihe abihisemo, cyangwa se kwiyakiramo ingeso nziza nabwo mu gihe abihisemo.
Hari ubushakashatsi bwakozwe ku bana bahabwaga ibiryohereye –bwanitiriwe ibyo biribwa biryohereye [Marshmallow experiment], bukaba bufatwa nk’inkingi ya mwamba kuri iyi ngingo. Bwari bugamije kugenzura urugero rwo kwigenzura ku bantu batandukanye, aho abana bari mu kigero cy’imyaka 4 bahabwaga amahitamo yo kurya ikiryohereye 1 ako kanya, cyangwa se bahitamo gutegereza iminota 15 bagahabwa ibiryohereye 2. Muri iyi minota 15, aba bana bagumaga mu cyumba ari bonyine –mbese bigenzura. Muri iri gerageza, abana babashije gutegereza ya minota 15 byaje kugaragara ko ari nabo bagize amanota ari hejuru mu kindi kizamini (SAT=Standardized Admission Tests) bakoreshejwe imyaka 10 nyuma y’iri gerageza.
Ibyagaragajwe n’ubu bushakashatsi [Marshmallow experiment] byanasanishijwe n’ibindi bikorwa bigamije igihembo n’amafaranga arimo. Hari inyigo zagaragaje ko ‘bamwe mu bakozi b’indakemwa bahitamo akazi kabahemba amadolari 100 mu cyumweru kuruta akazi kabahemba amadolari 10 nonaha’, n’ubwo hari izindi nyigo ku mitekerereze ya muntu zagaragaje ko ‘muri kamere muntu, guhitamo igihembo gifatika cy’aka kanya biza ku mwanya wa mbere kurusha gutegereza igihembo cy’ejo’.
Abashakashatsi mu by’imitekerereze ya muntu kandi bagaragaje ko hariho uburyo bwinshi bwo kwiyaka ingeso mbi. Bumwe muri ubwo buryo ni ukwihatira gusimbuza izi ngeso zisenya ubuzima imigirire mishya iganisha ku buzima buzira umuze.
Ariko nanone, mu gihe ibikorwa bimwe bishyirwa mu bikorwa mu rwego rwo kwiyaka ingeso runaka biba ingirakamaro, bikunze kudakunda ko bya bikorwa bifasha mu kuguma mu migirire mishya igihe kirambye.
Guhindura imigirire/ingeso ni igikorwa kitoroshye, kuko twabonye ko umuzi wabyo winjira mu mibereho bwite, kugera mu bwonko. Gusa iyo ubushake buhari, hari na byinshi bigendana n’izo mpinduka [ukaba wakwimuka, kwitaza inshuti/abagenzi bamwe na bamwe bagukururira muri za ngeso, guhindura akamenyero runaka, kwitabaza inzobere mu by’imitekerereze n’imyitwarire,…]; maze bikakunganira mu kugera ku ntego wiyemeje.
