INGESO MBI : ICYAGO NJYANAMUNTU GISENYA UBUZIMA

Si igitangaza ko mu gihe runaka cy’ubuzima wigeze kugira [cyangwa se n’ubu ufite] ingeso/akageso/imyifatire runaka idashamaje. Abenshi bagerageza kwiyaka izo ngeso, abandi bakagerageza kwiyubakira imibereho izira ingeso mbi, mu gihe hari abandi batanirirwa batekereza ibyo kwitandukanya n’izi ngeso ubusanzwe zangiza ubuzima. Reka tuganire ku kwiyakiramo ingeso mbi n’ingaruka bigira ku buzima bwa muntu.

Ingeso mbi usibye kugira uruhare mu kwangiza ubuzima bw’umuntu mu buryo bw’umubiri, zinamubuza gukoresha ubushobozi bwe nk’umuntu usanzwe mu mibereho ye.

Mu ngeso, izibimburira izindi gushyira mu kaga ubuzima ni zazindi umuntu yohokaho igihe akiri muto maze kuziyaka bikaba bitamworoheye. Bene izi ngeso zangiza ubuzima mu buryo bugaragara – gutakaza ubushobozi, gutakaza icyanga cy’ubuzima, gusaza imburagihe ndetse no kwibasirwa n’uruhurirane rw’indwara.

Muri izi ngeso, iziza ku isonga mu kwangiza zirimo gukoresha ibiyobyabwenge n’ibindi byinjira mu mubiri byangiza ubuzima: itabi, alukolo, ibiyobyabwenge n’ibindi bisanzwe bikoreshwa mu buzima busanzwe, ariko byakoreshwa mu bundi buryo bikaba ibiyobyabwenge.

Ku rundi ruhande, hari ingeso [utugeso] umuntu abana nazo, zikaba zidashyira ubuzima mu kaga, ariko kandi ntizibure kubusenya. Izo twavuga nko kubatwa n’ikoreshwa ry’ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga, kurya nabi [gukabya cyangwa se kutarya bihagije binagendana no kwiyima ugamije kugenzura ibiro by’umubiri, gutwarwa n’ibiryo byuzuyemo amavuta, amasukari,…]; kwimenyereza kudasinzira bihagije – kudaha umubiri wawe byibura amasaha 8 y’ikiruhuko ku munsi; kubatwa no gukina urusimbi n’indi mikino y’amahirwe, kubatwa n’imibonano mpuzabitsina idafite gahunda [ibi bigasenya mu mutwe ndetse n’indwara zandurira mu mibonano mpuzabitsina rugeretse]; gukoresha imiti nabi, n’izindi tutarondoye.

Kubatwa n’ibinyobwa bisembuye [alukolo].

Alukolo ni ikinyabutabire iyo cyinjiye mu mubiri gikora ku myakura, kigahungabanya imikorere y’ubwonko. Iki kinyabutabire kigira uruhare mu gutambamira ikwirakwira ry’umwuka mwiza wa oxygen mu bwonko. Kubera ibyo rero ubwonko ntibubasha gukora neza nk’uko bisanzwe: ubushobozi bwo guhuza ibikorwa mu bwonko burahungabana, gutakaza ubushobozi bwo kuvuga neza, igihu mu gutekereza bityo ntubashe gufata ibyemezo bidakemangwa, gutakaza ubushobozi bwo gushyira umutima ku gikorwa urimo.

Zimwe mu mpamvu zishobora guha icyuho kubatwa n’ibisindisha harimo agakabyo mu kunywera inzoga mu rugo, amakimbirane mu muryango; imico imwe n’imwe iha icyuho gukabya mu kunywa inzoga, ubuzima busunikira nyirabwo kwishora mu nzoga [ubuzererezi, uburaya, ihohoterwa,…], kudohoka mu mice imwe n’imwe, ibyadukana n’iterambere ryihuse [urugero kuba ku musozi runaka havumburwa amabuye y’agaciro cyangwa ubundi butunzi butahasanzwe, benshi bagakirigita ifaranga ribatunguye]… ku rundi ruhande, hari bamwe ‘bagira akanyabugabo ari uko basomye ku gasembuye!’

Muri make, alukolo igira ingaruka ku mubiri w’umuntu mu buryo bw’uko umwuka mwiza wa oxygen ugabanuka cyane mu bwonko. Uku kubura kwa oxygen mu bwonko iyo kugeze ku rugero rukabije hatangira kubaho gupfa kw’ingirangingo zubatse ubwonko [brain cells] – iki kibazo nicyo cyitwa [alcoholic dementia]. Usibye kuba ubwonko ari bwo buhungabana cyane muri iki kibazo, igipimo gikabije cya alukolo mu mubiri kigira uruhare mu guhungabanya imikorere y’inzungano zose zigize umubiri w’umuntu. Ikirenze ibyo, alukolo ikabije mu mubiri iganisha ku ngorane zitandukanye:

• Ibibazo by’umutima n’imiyoboro y’amaraso.
• Ibibazo mu nzira z’ubuhumekero.
• Indwara z’inzira z’ibiryo n’igogorwa ry’ibiryo.
• Umwijima utakaza ubushobozi busanzwe bwo gukora.
• Ihungabana mu mikorere y’impyiko.
• Ihungabana mu mikorere y’ubwonko.
• Gucika intege k’urwungano rw’ubwirinzi bw’umubiri.
• Gutakaza ubushobozi bw’imibonano mpuzabitsina.
• Gucika integer no gutentebuka kw’imikaya.

Ikibazo gikabije gikomoka ku kubatwa n’ibisindisha ni ikibazo cyitwa [White fever]. Iyi ndwara irangwa no gususumira, umutima ugatera cyane, umuntu agasabayangwa, umuvuduko w’amaraso ukabije [HBP] ndetse no guhinda umuriro. Ikindi, iyi ndwara ya white fever irangwa no kubona balinga [hallucinations], gutakaza icyerekezo no kwibura [disorientation], n’urwijiji/igihu mu ntekerezo [obscuration of consciousness]. Ikirenze ibyo, umuntu ukabya mu kunywa ibisindisha atakaza imyaka 15-20 ku cyizere cyo kubaho mu buzima bwa muntu.

Kunywa itabi.

Kunywa itabi iryo ari ryo ryose ni icyago, kuko usibye kwangiza ubuzima bw’umunywi waryo, rigira n’ingaruka ku bandi batarinywa babana nawe. Amakuru yatangajwe n’Umuryango w’Abibumbye [UN] avuga ko buri masegonda 13 hapfa umuntu ku isi, uru rupfu rukaba rufitanye isano n’itabi. Kunywa itabi ni intandaro ya bumwe mu buryo bwo kubatwa n’ibinyabutabire [Nicotine] bikaba impamvu yo kuroga umubiri igihe kirambye, kwibasirwa no kugengwa n’icyo kiyobyabwenge haba ku mubiri cyangwa se mu mutwe. Ukimara kunywa itabi, nicotine –ikinyabutabire kigize itabi iryo ari ryo ryose- ako kanya ikwirakwira mu miyoboro y’amaraso yinjiriye mu dufuka tw’umwuka mu bihaha. Ikirenze ibyo, umwotsi w’itabi wuzuyemo ibinyabutabire by’uburozi ku bwinshi, harimo ibikomoka ku gutwikwa n’umuriro kw’ibibabi by’itabi ndetse n’ibindi binyabutabire byifashishwa mu gikorwa cyo kuritunganya (carbon monoxide, hydrocyanic acid, hydrogen sulfide, carbon dioxide, essential oils, ammonia, tobacco tar).

Gukoresha itabi [nk’uko twabibonye haruguru, kimwe no gukoresha inzoga] bigira ingaruka mbi ku mikorere y’umubiri w’umuntu muri rusange, kuko ingingo z’umubiri zose zihura n’ingaruka.

Ikinyabutabire cya Nicotine gifite ubushobozi bwo kongerera umubiri gushamaduka, bigatuma ubwonko butakibasha kugenzura neza umubiri. Ubwonko bwakira amaraso yagabanutsemo cyane umwuka mwiza wa Oxygen, bigatuma umutwe w’umunywi w’itabi utakaza ubushobozi bwo gukora neza nk’uko bisanzwe ku utarinywa.

Kunywa itabi kandi bifite ingaruka z’umwihariko ku rwungano rw’ubuhumekero: Nyuma yo kumira umwotsi w’itabi, uduhu tworohereye dutwikiriye mu kanwa, amaraka, amazuru, igihogohogo, amashami yacyo ndetse n’udushami twayo bitangira kwangirika. Ibi bigatuma inzira z’ubuhumekero zitangira kubabuka. Iyo umuntu amaze igihe anyway itabi, udusanduku tw’ijwi tuba mu muhogo turangirika ndetse n’ingoto igafungana, ari yo ntandaro y’ijwi risamira. Inkorora izana ibikororwa byijimye ni ibisanzwe ku munywi w’itabi. Ibi bituma ahorana akayi no gusemeka, bityo ntabashe guhumeka neza. Kunywa itabi ni imwe mu mpamvu nyamukuru ziteza indwara nka asima ndetse n’ibihaha.

Umunywi w’itabi aba kandi afite ibyago byinshi byo kwibasirwa n’indwara z’urwungano rw’amaraso [HBP, umutima, stroke,…]

Kunywa itabi kandi bigira ingaruka ku rwungano ngogozi. Ibi bibimburirwa no kugaragara kw’icyasha cyijimye ku rurimi ndetse n’umwuka mubi usohoka mu kanwa, kandi umunywi w’itabi atakaza kumva icyanga cy’ibyo arya. Ikindi ni uko uko unywa itabi, amacandwe yuzuyemo uburozi bwa acide burikomokaho yinjira mu gifu. Iyi acide iyo igwiriye niyo ntandaro yo gutoboka kw’igifu. Isima itwikiriye amenyo iromoka, bityo amenyo agatangira gucikamo ibinogo.

Ubushobozi bwo gutera akabariro cyane cyane ku bagabo bari mu kigero cy’imyaka 25-40 burakendera. Kunywa itabi bigendana n’ibyago byo kwadukirwa na kanseri zitandukanye.

Muri ibi bihe by’iterambere mu ikoranabuhanga rero, n’abanywi b’itabi ntibibagiranye! Kuri ubu hadutse ibyitwa [e-cigarettes], itabi ry’ikoranabuhanga rifasha ababaswe kunywa itabi ariko badatumaguye umwotsi. Byaba byumvikana nk’aho ubu buvumbuzi ari ingirakamaro ku ruhande rumwe, ariko ku rundi ruhande, buri gatonyanga kagize e-cigarettes kaba karimo ikinyabutabire cya Nicotine. Iyo ihumetswe rero ihita yiroha mu nzira z’amaraso. Nicotine kandi byagaragaye ko ihindura imiterere y’ingirangingo fatizo, bikaba intandaro yo kubura urubyaro ku bifuza kubyara. Ikindi, nicotine ni intandaro y’indwara ya Buerger’s disease – indwara ishobora kugeza n’aho uyirwaye acibwa intoki.

Imiti/ibinyabutabire bikoreshwa nk’ibiyobyabwenge.

Mu isi ya none, abantu benshi bakomeje kwishora mu gukoresha imiti/ibinyabutabire iyo bikoreshejwe ku rugero runaka bihinduka ibiyobyabwenge. Abenshi muri aba ni urubyiruko rubyishoramo rwibwira ko ari uburyo bwo kwinezeza/kwidagadura. Bene ibi biyobyabwenge, uko umuntu agenda abyimenyereza niko bimubata bikamugiraho ingaruka ubwe ndetse n’umuryango mugari abarizwamo. Bigira ingaruka zo kwangirika k’ubuzima, imibanire y’abantu ndetse n’ubukungu muri rusange. Hatitawe ku nzira zikoreshwa byinjizwa mu mubiri, ibi binyabutabire byose bihungabanya umubiri muri rusange, ariko by’umwihariko urwungano rw’ubwonko, urwungano rw’ubwirinzi bw’umubiri, umwijima, umutima ndetse n’ibihaha.

Ibiyobyabwenge bigabanyijemo amatsinda magari: ibifitanye isano n’ikinyabutabire cya opium [opiates], ibikangura imyakura ubinyweye akagira amashagaga [psychostimulants], ibifitanye isano n’urumogi [cannabinoids], ibiyayura umutwe ubinyoye akajya abona ibidahari [hallucinogens], ibigusha mu kinya uwabinyoye [hypnotic sedatives], ndetse n’ibyo biyuka/bashoreza bitumuka mu mwuka [volatile drugs].

Kunywa urumogi bitera kubabuka k’udufuka tw’umwuka, kanseri y’ibihaha, urwungano rw’ubwirinzi bw’umubiri rugata uburinganire, umutima ugatakaza imbaraga ndetse ukanatakaza injyana mu gutera, uburozi bukirundanya mu mwijima…

Ibikomoka kuri opium byinjizwa mu mubiri binyuze mu rushing ubikoresha yitera. Iyi niyo mpamvu abenshi mu babikoresha baba banafite ibyago byikubye kenshi byo kwandura SIDA, imitezi ndetse n’umwijima wandura [hepatitis B & C].

Ibiyobyabwenge bikangura imyakura ubinyweye akagira amashagaga [psychostimulants] byangiza urwungano rw’ubwonko muri rusange, ubikoresha agahorana ihungabana rikabije [severe depression] ndetse riganisha ku bisazi. Akaduruvayo mu mikorere y’umubiri, gutera gukabije k’umutima ndetse n’umuvuduko w’amaraso. Ibi rero bituma ibitunga umubiri bivomwa mu byo umubiri wari warazigamye, noneho umubiri ntubashe kubisimbuza ku gihe kubera ya mikorere y’akaduruvayo, bigatuma habaho kuzongwa gukabije k’umubiri. Umuntu aba afite ibyago byagutse byo kurwara umutima: gutera nabi ndetse ukaba wanahagarara.

Ibiyayura umutwe ubinyoye akajya abona ibidahari [hallucinogens] by’umwihariko byangiza ubwonko. Gutekereza neza ntibiba bigishoboka, ndetse kubikoresha kenshi birangira biteye ibisazi bidakira.

Ibigusha mu kinya uwabinyoye [hypnotic sedatives] byangiza ubwonko, umwijima ndetse n’umutima. Ubikoresha abura ibitotsi, ubwonko bukagagara, agafatwa n’igicuri, akototerwa n’intekerezo zimuganisha ku kwiyahura ndetse n’izindi ndwara zibasira umutima n’inzira z’amaraso.

Ibyo biyuka/bashoreza bitumuka mu mwuka [volatile drugs] – ukoresha ibi biyobyabwenge ahagarara gukura mu bitekerezo, ndetse igice cy’ubwonko gifasha mu kwibuka [cerebral cortex] cyikangirika. Ikirenze ibyo, ibice n’ingingo byose bigize umubiri bigirwaho ingaruka. Icyago gikabije gikomoka ku ikoreshwa ry’ubu buryo bw’ibiyobyabwenge ni ibyitwa “Gupfira mu mufuka - death in the bag” – umuntu arabyiyuka akagwa mu kinya gikabije kugeza aho ata ubwenge, ntabashe kwikura mu mufuka [ishashi] aba yasesetsemo umutwe mu buryo bwo kubyiyuka bidatumuka ngo bijye hanze (igihe abanywa ubu bwoko bw’ibiyobyabwenge bari muri icyo gikorwa, baseseka umutwe mu mufuka udahitisha umwuka kugira ngo babihumeke bitayoyotse).

Muri rusange, ibiyobyabwenge byose bigira inabi y’uko abakomoka ku babyeyi babaswe nabyo nabo bibagiraho ingaruka zitaziguye. Umwana azavuka atuzuye mu mutwe, ndetse akenshi anagaragaraho inenge ku mubiri.

Ibintu byihariye nka kamere bwite y’umuntu, imyifatire ye, abo abana nabo ndetse n’ibyo abamo ndetse n’imitekerereze ye ijyana n’imyumvire mu muryango mugari abarizwamo bishobora kugira uruhare mu kwadukana ingeso mbi.

Ku bw’ibyo rero, ni ingenzi cyane ku babyeyi gukoresha ubushishozi mu guhitamo uburyo n’ahantu ho kurerera abana, mu rwego rwo gukumira ibyago bikomoka ku ngeso twabonye haruguru. Ikindi kandi, buri wese agomba kuzirikana ko ingeso mbi, usibye we ubwe zangiriza, zigira n’ingaruka ku bandi mu buryo bumwe cyangwa se ubundi: abo ukunda, abo mubana, abahura nawe bose. Ni ingenzi cyane kwicenshura no kugambirira kwiyaka ingeso mbi amazi atararenga inkombe.