KUBAKA UMUCO WO KWIZIGAMIRA

Benshi mu bantu ni abagambirira kuzigama ‘menshi ashoboka’. Ariko mu gihe nta gahunda ifatika wagennye ndetse ishyigikiwe n’ingeso ziboneye, gutsindwa biri hafi yawe kurenza kurasa ku ntego: mu buzima ibidateganyijwe ntibijya bibura, ubwizigame bikabuyongobeza bukaguca mu myanya y’intoki; ugasanga mu gihe ukiri muri urwo, impera z’ukwezi zirageze n’ibigomba kwishyurwa bijyana nazo, ahari kubikwa ubwizigame ugasanga nta tandukaniro n’igihe watangiriye kwizigama!

Uramutse ubashije ⁽¹⁾kwishyiriraho intambwe ngufi mu bushobozi bwawe, ⁽²⁾kwifashisha ikoranabuhanga rikoresha gahunda y’uko niba hari amafaranga yinjiye muri konti yawe, ubwizigame buhita bukurwaho bukoherezwa kuri konti bwagenewe, ndetse ⁽³⁾ukanahangana n’ibishuko bigusunikira ‘kwitiza amafaranga y’ubwizigame, ushobora kuguma mu nzira y’ubwizigame udatezuka.

Dore zimwe mu nama zitengwa n’inzobere mu by’ubukungu kuri gahunda yo kwitoza gahunda yo kwizigamira, ku buryo yinjira mu migirire yawe, ikaba kimwe mu bigize umuco ukuranga.

Kwishimira intambwe nto ubashije gutera.

Mu gihe uri gutangira uyu mwitozo, intambwe iyo ari yo yose, uko yaba nto kose ifite agaciro. N’ubwo waba ubashije gushyira ku ruhande amadolari 5, ntubure kwitera akanyabugabo. Wibuke ko ‘agato kava ku iguye’, kandi ‘buri rugendo rutangirwa n’intambwe ya mbere’.

Gutangira gahoro gahoro. Nubasha kubika amadolari 5 buri cyumweru, uzasoza umwaka ufite amadolari 260. Aya si amafaranga make, kandi icy’ingenzi ni uko ugumye mu cyerekezo nyacyo cy’intego yawe: kwiyubakamo umuco wo kwizigamira. Mu gihe umaze kumenyera iyi gahunda, ni igihe cyiza cyo kugenzura igenamigambi ryawe kugira ngo ucenshuremo andi mahirwe wakoresha wagura ubwizigame bwawe.

Mu gihe bikugoye kumenya aho wahera ndetse n’igipimo cy’ubwizigame watangiriraho, hari uburyo wagerageza: tangirira ku bwizigame bwa 1% ry’ayo winjiza mu kwezi, hanyuma ugende ubuzamuraho 1% buri kwezi.

Shyiraho uburyo bw’ikoranabuhanga bukata amafaranga ako kanya.

Gushyiraho ubu buryo bubikura amafaranga kuri konti yawe isanzwe buyohereza kuri konti yawe y’ubwizigame bizagufasha kwizigamira buri gihe cyagennwe bitiriwe bigusaba kubitekerezaho. Ibi bisaba ko uba warashyizeho imbata y’igenamigambi igereranya ayo winjiza n’ayo usohora, noneho ukabasha kugereranya ayo kwizigama.

Mu gihe konti zawe -isanzwe n’iy’ubwizigame ziri muri banki imwe, bizarushaho kukorohereza muri gahunda yo kwizigama. Ku rundi ruhande, byagaragaye ko byanarushaho kuba byiza iyo utandukanyije konti zawe isanzwe n’iy’ubwizigame ntizibe muri banki imwe, kuko bikurinda bya bigeragezo byo kwitiza bya hato na hato ku bwizigame buri uko ushiriwe.

Inama n’ibitekerezo ku kwizigamira.

• Kuri bamwe, ibanga ryo kwizigamira ni ugutandukanya intego z’igihe gito n’iz’igihe kirekire. Byanarushaho kuba byiza ushyize amafaranga ku ruhande, ukayateganyiriza ibikenewe mu rugo n’ibyatungurana ku gihe runaka (urugero amezi 6).
• Buri gihe wigizeyo ibishuko bigukururira kwiguriza ku bwizigame umaze kugezamo. Mbese konti yawe y’ubwizigame ibe ndakorwaho.
• Ushobora gukoresha umugabane runaka w’ayo winjiza nk’ubwizigame ku ntego runaka y’igihe gito, urugero ibiruhuko; noneho ukagena undi mugabane runaka ku ntego y’igihe kirekire, urugero kugura inzu nshya.
• Hariho banki zishyiraho ibihano runaka mu gihe ugiye kwiguriza inshuro runaka kuri konti y’ubwizigame, ubu nabwo bukaba uburyo bwo kugusunikira kwirinda guhoza agatoki ku bwizigame bwawe.

Icyitonderwa. Mu gihe hari konti z’ubwizigame zitanga amakarita yo kubikuza [debit cards] kugira ngo bikorohere kubikuza igihe ubikeneye, aya makarita ibyiza ni uko utayafata: kutagira bene iyi karita bizagufasha nanone kutirukira kubikuza buri uko utekereje ko ari ngombwa.

Igihe cyose ugiye guhaha, ongera wibaze bwa kabiri niba ari ngombwa rwose.

Ibi bizagufasha kwemeranya neza n’umutimanama wawe ko ibyo ugiye guhaha ari byo ukeneye muri icyo gihe mu buzima. Niba utekereza ko gufata isafari ukajya mu biruhuko ari byo by’ingirakamaro kuruta amapaki y’imigati n’ubundi burigatirizwa, icyo nicyo gihe cyiza cyo guhagarika amafaranga usohora kuri bene ibyo biryo kugira ngo ubashe kuzamura ubwizigame bwawe uzakoresha kujya mu biruhuko.

Icyo waba ukunda cyose, ikigamijwe ni ukwirinda gusohora amafaranga uko ubonye kose. Uhore wibaza niba ibyo utangaho amafaranga bikuzanira umunezero cyangwa se biri mu murongo w’intego wishyiriyeho. Niba atari iby’ibanze mu buzima nk’ibiribwa, amazi, icumbi,…aka kanya waba ubiretse.

Inama mu gihe uri ku gitutu cy’amahitamo mu guhaha.

• Bumwe mu buryo bukora mu gihe uri guhatirizwa guhaha ikintu runaka ni ukwibaza ingano y’amasaha bigufata kugira ngo ukorere ahwanye n’agaciro k’icyo kintu urugero niba ukorera amadolari 25 ku isaha kandi ukaba ushyugumbwa kugura inkweto y’amadolari 200, ugomba kuba umaze kwemezwa koko ko izi nkweto ukwiriye kuzitangaho ikiguzi cy’amasaha 8 wiyuha akuya.
• Birafasha nanone kwiha igihe runaka mbere yo kwinjira muri gahunda yo gusohora amafaranga. Ushobora gutegura urutonde rw’ibyo uteganya guhaha, ukarurambika hariya ku buryo igihe runaka uzongera ukarucenshura. Niba tuvuge ikintu kigura amadolari arenga 50, wihe umunsi 1 wo kongera gutekereza no gufata icyemezo niba koko ugomba gusohora ayo mafaranga. Birashoboka cyane ko nyuma y’amasaha 24, ushobora kubona neza ko udakeneye gutanga ayo mafaranga kuri icyo kintu.
• Kwiha igihe cyo kongera kwisuzuma utya bizakubashisha gufata umwanzuro uhamye, ndetse bikurinde kuzadukirwa n’ikibazo cyo ‘kwicuza k’umuguzi. Niba ubona ko ukeneye kuzigamira $200 ibiruhuko uzajyamo mu minsi izaza kurenza kuyagura umuguru w’inkweto, reka kuzigura.

Icyitonderwa. Intego iroroshye: guhinduka umuntu uhaha abitekerejeho, mu kigwi cyo kotswa igitutu n’amafaranga mu mufuka agusunikira kuyasesagura. Numara kugera kuri uru rugero, ntuzatungurwa no kubona ko kwizigamira ari igikorwa cyoroshye kurenza uko benshi dutekereza ko ari umugogoro.

Tegura ingengo y’imari y’ubwizigame bwawe.

Biba kuri benshi kugeza ku mpera z’ukwezi bashiriwe, nyamara bahembwa umushahara wakabaye uhagije kubasunika kugeza undi uje. Impamvu y’ibi ugasanga ari uko hari ibyo bahaha bitari biri kuri gahunda y’ibiteganyijwe. Ushobora gukosora iri kosa niba wajyaga urigwamo.

Igisubizo ni ugufata akanya ukagenzura urutonde rw’ibyo wateganyije guhaha, kugira ngo umenye neza ko uri gusohora amafaranga menshi cyangwa se make ku yo wateganyije. Ni ingenzi gukomeza kugenzura uko amafaranga asohoka ugereranya n’ayo wateganyije gukoresha uko ukwezi kwicuma. Niba ku mpera z’ukwezi hari amafaranga usaguye, ajya mu bwizigame.

Ibi bizagufasha kwirinda kototera gukoresha amafaranga yagenewe kujya mu bwizigame mu igenamigambi ryawe.

Hari n’ubundi buryo bwo kwizigamira [Anti-Budget].

Ku rundi ruhande, siko abantu bose byaborohera gutegura ingengo y’imari, kuko nabyo hari urugero rw’ubumenyi bisaba. Kuri aba rero, ubundi buryo bwakoreshwa ni ukugereranya ubwizigame bwagushobokera ukabukuraho mbere, ugakoresha asigaye. Urugero ushobora gukata 20% y’ayo uhembwa ukayazigama, ugakoresha 80% asigaye.

Ishyirireho intego zifatika, zitari inzozi.

Kubasha kwizigamira bisaba kwigomwa bikomeye. Niba ukwigomwa wiyemeje gukarishye bishobora nanone kukubera intandaro yo gutsindwa. Ibi ni kimwe no kwiyemeza kwigenzura mu mirire: iyo wiyimye bikabije, birangira bikunaniye, ukaba wanasenya ibyo wari umaze kugeraho.

Ibanga hano ni ukwigenera igihembo igihe ubashije kurasa ku ntego runaka mu rugendo rw’intego ndende. Urugero niba ufite intego yo kuzigama amadolari ibihumbi 10, bikaba bigusaba kwiyima ibyo wari umenyereye (gusohoka muri weekend, akagoroba k’abasaza, k’abadamu…), nubasha kurasa ku ntego yo kuzigama amadolari ibihumbi 2, ushobora kwihemba gusohoka cyangwa gusangira na bagenzi bawe agacupa.

Muri make, nta mpamvu y’uko gahunda yo kwizigamira igomba kuba umusaraba cyangwa umutwaro. Iyi ni nayo mpamvu kwigenera igihembo ku ntambwe runaka bigutera akanyabugabo muri gahunda urimo, bikakwemeza ko amaherezo ibyo urimo bizakugeza ku ntego yawe.

¹ https://www.thebalancemoney.com/getting-into-money-saving-habit-4125552/ “How to Get Into the Habit of Saving More Money: Making a Focused Effort Is Key if Saving Doesn't Come Naturally” By Paula Pant.

² https://www.thebalancemoney,com/how-to-deal-with-buyer-s-remorse-and-cold-feet-1798275